Science Source ftp Apr 2015

English woodcut 1658 of bees outside their bell-shaped hive, known as a skep made from some type of grass, reed or rope. This type of hive was cheap and easy to construct. In its simplest form, there is a single entrance at the bottom and there is no internal structure provided for the bees and the colony must produce its own honeycomb, which is attached to the inside of the skep. It has the disadvantage that it is difficult to harvest the honey. The technology of beekeeping has remained fairly constant throughout the centuries. Beekeeping is the maintenance of honey bee colonies, commonly in hives, by humans. A beekeeper (or apiarist) keeps bees in order to collect honey and other products of the hive (including beeswax, propolis, pollen, and royal jelly), to pollinate crops, or to produce bees for sale to other beekeepers. A location where bees are kept is called an apiary or "bee yard". Honey is a sweet food made by bees using nectar from flowers. Beekeeping practices encourage overproduction of honey so the excess can be taken from the colony. Honey bees are well adapted to collecting and moving pollen and are the most commonly used pollinators. Pollination management is becoming an increasingly important part of horticulture. Factors that cause the loss of pollinators include pesticide misuse, monoculture and the loss of habitat and forage to name just a few. Feral honey bee populations in the United Staes have dropped about 90% in the past 50 years and at the same time managed honey bee colonies have dropped by about two thirds. Honeybees weren't native to North America. They were brought over by the English colonists in the early 17th century.