Science Source ftp Apr 2015

George Washington Carver (1864-1943), circa 1938. Carver was an African-American scientist, botanist, educator, and inventor born into slavery in Missouri in 1864. In 1891 he attended and studied botany at Iowa State Agricultural College where he was the first black student, and later taught as the first black faculty member. Carver's reputation is based on his research into and promotion of alternative crops to cotton, such as peanuts, soybeans and sweet potatoes. He wanted poor farmers to grow alternative crops both as a source of their own food and as a source of other products to improve their quality of life. As an agricultural chemist, Carver discovered three hundred uses for peanuts and hundreds more for soybeans, pecans and sweet potatoes. Among the listed items that he suggested to southern farmers to help them economically were his recipes and improvements for: adhesives, axle grease, bleach, buttermilk, chili sauce, fuel briquettes, ink, instant coffee, linoleum, mayonnaise, meat tenderizer, metal polish, paper, plastic, pavement, shaving cream, shoe polish, synthetic rubber, talcum powder and wood stain. He was recognized for his many achievements and talents. In 1941, Time magazine dubbed Carver a "Black Leonardo". Carver died January 5, 1943, at the age of 78 from complications (anemia) resulting from a fall. In 1977, Carver was elected to the Hall of Fame for Great Americans. In 1990, he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. In 2000, Carver was an inductee in the USDA Hall of Heroes as the "Father of Chemurgy".