Papilloedema of the eye, ophthalmoscope image. Papilloedema is the congestion and swelling of the optic disc (center), the circular region where the optic nerve enters the retina. The condition has resulted in hemorrhaging from the retinal blood vessels around the optic disc. Papilloedema results from increased pressure within the skull, for instance from a cerebral tumor. It may also occur in malignant hypertension and occasionally in the later stages of chronic nephritis. Headache and nausea may occur, with short episodes of visual loss.