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Covid-19 coronavirus spike proteins (pink and red), illustration. The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (previously 2019-CoV) emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The virus causes a mild respiratory illness (Covid-19) that can develop into pneumonia and be fatal in some cases. The coronaviruses take their name from their crown (corona) of surface proteins. The spike (S) protein binds to a receptor on the host cell membrane and facilitate the virus's entry to the cell. Once inside the cells, the particles use the cells' machinery to make more copies of the virus.