Hugo Munsterberg (June 1, 1863 - December 19, 1916) was a German-American psychologist. He was one of the pioneers in applied psychology, extending his research and theories to Industrial/Organizational (I/O), legal, medical, clinical, educational and business settings. He was the first to apply psychological principles to the legal field, creating forensic psychology. In 1908, Munsterberg published his controversial book, On the Witness Stand where he pointed out that for various reasons why eye witness testimony is inherently unreliable and the many factors that can influence testimony, gain confessions, and force the confession from those who are innocent. His other major works include: Psychology and Life (1899), Science and Idealism (1906), Psychology and Crime (1908), and The Photoplay (1916). At his death, the general attitude toward Munsterberg had changed and his death went relatively unnoticed. This was because of his pro-German attitudes and his support of German policies. He died his suddenly, possibly due to stress, in 1916 while on a lecture platform. He was 53 years old.