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Illustration of an engineered receptor (light blue) on the surface of a natural killer cell binds specifically to PD-L1 molecules (red) on a cancer cell. This activates a signal cascade in the NK cell leading to the segregation of vesicles that contain perforin and granzyme. The perforins build channels for the granzymes which enter the leukemia cell and activate finally the apoptosis (cell death) of the cancer cell.