Science Source ftp Apr 2015

Wilhelm Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813 - February 13, 1883), the influential German composer, conductor and polemicist. In his works, such as Der Ring d...

French poet Arthur Rimbaud (October 20, 1854 - November 10, 1891) in an 1871 portrait by Etienne Carjat.

Illustration showing the hypnotism of a female subject. From the Manuel de l'Etudiant Magnetiseur, a guide for students of magnetism by Jules Denis de...

'Hugo Pictor', a self-portrait of an 12th century French scribe and illuminator, shown dipping his quill into an inkhorn and using a brush. It is one...

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790), one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, was a noted polymath, and is well-known for his investigations of ele...

The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France for control of the F...

The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France for control of the F...

An astrolabe is an ancient instrument used widely in medieval times by navigators and astronomers to determine latitude, longitude, and time of day. A...

Detail from unidentified Persian miniature. Astronomer stops to take a reading on his astrolabe during battle. During the Middle Ages, astronomy was m...

Saint Eligius (also Eloy or Loye) (588-660) is the patron of Goldsmiths, Blacksmiths, Horses, Taxi Drivers and Mechanics. He is also the patron saint...

A blacksmith is a person who creates objects from wrought iron or steel by forging the metal; that is, by using tools to hammer, bend, and cut. Blacks...

Nails go back to the Ancient Roman period. The provision of iron for nails by King David for Solomon's Temple is mentioned in the Bible. Until the end...

Details carved on a stave-church portal at Hyllestad in Norway dating from the 12th century illustrating the saga of Sigurd Favnesbane (legendary hero...

When Alexander the Great defeated the Persian forces at the Battle of Granicus in 334 BC, the Greek cities of Asia Minor were liberated and Alexander...

Hayreddin Barbarossa, or Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha (1478-1546), was an Ottoman Turkish admiral of the fleet who dominated the Mediterranean for decad...

Hayreddin Barbarossa, or Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha (1478-1546), was an Ottoman Turkish admiral of the fleet who dominated the Mediterranean for decad...

Illustration shows Weatherford of the Creeks submitting to Jackson after the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. The Battle of Horseshoe Bend was fought during...

Saint Nestor the Chronicler (1056 -1114) was the reputed author of the Primary Chronicle, (the earliest East Slavic chronicle). He was a monk of the M...

Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub (1138-1193) was a Kurdish Muslim, who became the first Sultan of Egypt and Syria, and founded the Ayyubid dynasty. At the...

Illustration from The Generall Historie of Virginia and The True Travels of Captain John Smith, entitled: Captain Smith taketh the King of Pamunkey pr...

15th century miniatures show Tamerlane besieging the Hospitalers' castle at Smyra an ancient city located at a central and strategic point on the Aege...

Currier & Ives lithograph depicting Colonel Richard Johnson shooting Tecumseh during a cavalry charge. Tecumseh (1768-1813) was a Native American lea...

Black Hawk, born Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiak, (1767 - October 3, 1838) was a war leader and warrior of the Sauk American Indian. Although he had inherit...

13th century panel from the Silver Shrine shows Charlemagne besieging a city. Charlemagne (742-814 AD) was King of the Franks from 768 and Emperor of...

13th century panel from the Silver Shrine shows Charlemagne in the upper right corner leading his knights. Charlemagne (742-814 AD) was King of the F...

Ching Shih (1775-1844) was a prominent pirate in middle Qing China who terrorized the China Sea in the early 19th century. She was a Cantonese prostit...

The capture of British sailor John Turner by Zheng Yi 's pirates in 1806. Zheng Yi (1765-1807) was one of the most powerful Chinese pirates along the...

Mary Read (1680/1690-1721) was an English pirate. She is remembered as one of only two women (her comrade, Anne Bonny, was the other) known to have be...

Mary Read and Anne Bonny are shown at the time of their capture, still fighting though most of the pirates have fled below. Mary Read (1680/1690-1721)...

When the young Dutch girl was captured by pirate Charles Gibbs in the Caribbean in 1818, he defended her against his crew, but later allowed her to be...

Illustration of Turgut Reis preparing for the boarding of an enemy ship. Turgut Reis (1485-1565) was an Ottoman Admiral and privateer. Under his naval...

Jacques de Sores was a French pirate who attacked and burnt Havana, Cuba in 1555. Little is known of de Sores. He was nicknamed "The Exterminating Ang...

Ottoman corsairs attacking Greek corsairs. Guns and swords drawn, Greek and Turkish pirates battle aboard a ship in a print dating from around 1800. C...

10th century miniature of Byzantine cavalrymen pursuing the Rus' at Dorostolon, from the Madrid Skylitzes. Sviatoslav's invasion of Bulgaria refers to...

Byzantine sailors pour Greek fire from bow nozzle at enemy. Image appears in the 12th century Madrid Skylitzess an illuminated manuscript of the Synop...

13th century miniature shows the weaponry used by the Knights Templar. Catapult (extreme left), battle-axe (center right), mace (above battle-axe) lon...

A siege engine is a device that is designed to break or circumvent city walls and other fortifications in siege warfare. Some have been operated close...

18th century engraving of wheeled siege towers and bridges used by Frederick II of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor for the siege of Jerusalem. The Sixth C...

Miniature from the Alba Bible, 1430, an illuminated manuscript translation of the Old Testament made directly from Hebrew into Mediaeval Castilian sho...

15th century illuminated manuscript shows the papal legate, Pelagius, waiting to disembark at Damietta, as troops prepare to besiege the city. The Sie...

The First Crusade (1096-1099) was a military expedition by Roman Catholic Europe to regain the Holy Lands taken in the Muslim conquests of the Levant...

Ivory label depicting the pharaoh Den, found at his tomb in Abydos, circa 3000 BC. Originally attached to a pair of royal sandals, which is depicted o...

Hand colored etching from "Monumenti dell' Egitto e della Nubia" by Ippolito Rosellini from a wall relief on the Great Temple of Abu Simbel. Depicts R...

Hand colored etching from "Monumenti dell' Egitto e della Nubia" by Ippolito Rosellini from a wall relief on the Great Temple of Abu Simbel. A Syrian...

Artist rendering of an elephant battle in antiquity from the Picture Atlas by Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus. No date or location given. The elephant armo...

Miniature depicts Akbar Receiving the Drums and Standards Captured from Abdullah Khan Uzbeg, Governor of Malwa, in 1564. Image taken from The Akbarna...

Hannibal, son of Hamilcar Barca (247-183/182 BC) was a Carthaginian military commander and tactician generally considered one of the greatest military...

The Franks had an infantry-centered army, based on the traditional axe-wielding footman. But the challenge of fighting against horse-borne enemies lik...

Bartholomew Roberts' crew drinking rum at the Calabar River in West Africa. Bartholomew Roberts (1682-1722) was a Welsh pirate who raided ships off Am...

"And Those Who Were with Harold Have Fallen" A scene from the Bayeux Tapestry showing the invading Normans on horseback charging the Anglo-Saxon soldi...