The Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia was a part of the Chancellorsville Campaign of the American Civil War. The illustration depicts Couch's Union corps forming a line of battle to cover the retreat of the XI Corps on May 2, 1863. Gen. Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia won this battle after a decision to divide his army against the larger force of Union Army Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker's Army of the Potomac.