President of Catalan separatist party Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya - ERC (Republican Left of Catalonia) Oriol Junqueras (C) applaud after the final approval of the amnesty law for Catalan separatists during a plenary session at the Congress in Madrid, on May 30, 2024. Spain lawmakers approved a controversial law to grant amnesty to Catalan separatists involved in the failed 2017 independence bid, at the Congress in Madrid, on May 30, 2024. (Photo by JAVIER SORIANO / AFP)